Student Project .

Make a Moon Crater

Subject

Science

Time Required

30 - 60 mins

Look at the Moon. Can you see those circular shapes all across the face of the Moon and the lines extending from them? Those circular shapes are craters and the lines are "ejecta rays" made from material blasted out of the crater.

These craters formed when rocks or comets from space smashed into the surface of the Moon. The impact was so powerful that it pulverized the ground – creating what we call regolith – and sprayed it out to form those ejecta rays.

You can make craters like those on the Moon using simple baking ingredients!

› Educators, explore how to turn this into a standards-aligned lesson for students

Watch the Tutorial

See below for materials and step-by-step instructions. For more video tutorials and activities like this one, visit Learning Space.

Watch en Español: Seleccione subtítulos en Español bajo el ícono de configuración.

Make craters like the ones you can see on the Moon using simple baking ingredients! | Watch on YouTube

Materials

Cake pan or tin
Flour
Cake sprinkles
Cocoa
Spoon or sifter
Towel, newspaper or paper towels
2 or 3 small rocks of different sizes and shapes to use as "impactors"
(Optional) "DIY Space: How to Make a Crater" video – Download video (MOV) | video transcript (PDF)
(Optional) Related activity: "Impact Craters - Holes in the Ground!" – Download PDF
*Don’t worry if you don’t have all of the materials. Get creative and substitute materials with what you have! It’s all part of the design process.

Project Steps

Step 1: Prepare the Moon’s sub-surface
Step 1: Prepare the Moon’s sub-surface
Spread about an inch of flour into your cake pan. The flour represents the part of the Moon’s crust that an impactor will pulverize and blast out.
Step 2: Add rocks and minerals
Step 2: Add rocks and minerals
Add a layer of cake sprinkles to represent rocks and minerals buried under the surface. (You do not need to completely cover the flour layer.)
Step 3: Create the Moon’s surface
Step 3: Create the Moon’s surface
Add a thin third layer by sprinkling cocoa over the top with a spoon. You can also use a sifter for a more even coating. The cocoa represents the surface layer on the Moon.
Step 4: Prepare for impact
Step 4: Prepare for impact
Find a spot where you can safely and easily drop a rock into your cake pan. You may want to put down a newspaper or a towel to catch any baking ingredients that come out of the pan.
Step 5: Make a Moon crater
Step 5: Make a Moon crater
Simulate a rock impacting the Moon by holding a small rock above your head and dropping it into the cake pan. Observe the "ejecta pattern" created by the impact. Did any of the sprinkles get ejected out of the crater? Gently remove the impactor
Step 6: Get creative with your craters
Step 6: Get creative with your craters
Try dropping different size rocks from different angles and heights. How does the ejecta pattern differ from one impact to the next?